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Letters to the Editor |

Misleading Report on the Prevention of Major Depression Among Patients With Head and Neck Cancer

James C. Coyne, PhD
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Copyright 2008 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved. Applicable FARS/DFARS Restrictions Apply to Government Use.

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Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2008;134(12):1345-1345. doi:10.1001/archotol.134.12.1345-a
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The abortive clinical trial by Lydiatt et al1 evaluating the use of antidepressants for the prevention of major depression among patients with head and neck cancer is misleading and a travesty in terms of the presentation and interpretation of its results. The upbeat conclusion provided in the abstract has been widely disseminated in the media but should be disqualified because the study was stopped prematurely, intent-to-treat analyses were not conducted, and nonsignificant findings were obtained for the primary outcome.

The incidence of major depression in patients with head and neck cancer is not well documented, but a report stating that 5 of 10 patients in the placebo group developed major depression strains credibility, particularly when readers are not provided with confidence intervals. Lydiatt and colleagues ignored the lack of positive results in previous studies that provided antidepressants to patients with cancer who were selected because they were not clinically depressed. Fisch et al2 attempted to implement a large-scale trial of the use of antidepressants to improve the quality of life in patients with advanced cancer and found that only a small minority of the patients approached consented to participate, and of the patients who did consent, only a minority were available for follow-up assessments. Stockler et al3 found null effects on depressive symptoms and negative effects on survival in patients with advanced cancer who were provided with antidepressants.

The report of Lydiatt and colleagues serves to foster the illusion that all oncologists need to do to improve quality of life and to prevent the development of depression among patients with cancer is to distribute antidepressants. Even among patients in general medical care who are already suffering from major depression, prescribing antidepressants leads only to modest improvement4 without enhancements of routine care to ensure better patient education, adherence, and follow-up care.5 Expectations that treatment with antidepressants can prevent major depression among patients with cancer depend on the minority of the patients actually at risk for major depression obtaining adequate care. This substantial improvement over treatment as usual is unlikely to occur without the infusion of considerable resources, and prospects for this happening are more unlikely if the claims of Lydiatt and colleagues are accepted without criticism.

AUTHOR INFORMATION

Correspondence: Dr Coyne, Department of Psychiatry. University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 3535 Market St, Room 676, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (jcoyne@mail.med.upenn.edu).

REFERENCES

Lydiatt  WM, Denman  D, McNeilly  DP, Puumula  SE, Burke  WJ. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of citalopram for the prevention of major depression during treatment for head and neck cancer. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2008;134 (5) 528- 535
PubMed
Fisch  MJ, Loehrer  PJ, Kristeller  J.  et al.  Fluoxetine versus placebo in advanced cancer outpatients: a double-blinded trial of the Hoosier Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol 2003;21 (10) 1937- 1943
PubMed
Stockler  MR, O'Connell  R, Nowak  AK.  et al.  Effect of sertraline on symptoms and survival in patients with advanced cancer, but without major depression: a placebo-controlled double-blind randomised trial. Lancet Oncol 2007;8 (7) 603- 612
PubMed
Simon  GE. Evidence review: efficacy and effectiveness of antidepressant treatment in primary care. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2002;24 (4) 213- 224
PubMed
Gilbody  S, Bower  P, Fletcher  J, Richards  D, Sutton  AJ. Collaborative care for depression: a cumulative meta-analysis and review of longer-term outcomes. Arch Intern Med 2006;166 (21) 2314- 2321
PubMed

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Lydiatt  WM, Denman  D, McNeilly  DP, Puumula  SE, Burke  WJ. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of citalopram for the prevention of major depression during treatment for head and neck cancer. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2008;134 (5) 528- 535
PubMed
Fisch  MJ, Loehrer  PJ, Kristeller  J.  et al.  Fluoxetine versus placebo in advanced cancer outpatients: a double-blinded trial of the Hoosier Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol 2003;21 (10) 1937- 1943
PubMed
Stockler  MR, O'Connell  R, Nowak  AK.  et al.  Effect of sertraline on symptoms and survival in patients with advanced cancer, but without major depression: a placebo-controlled double-blind randomised trial. Lancet Oncol 2007;8 (7) 603- 612
PubMed
Simon  GE. Evidence review: efficacy and effectiveness of antidepressant treatment in primary care. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2002;24 (4) 213- 224
PubMed
Gilbody  S, Bower  P, Fletcher  J, Richards  D, Sutton  AJ. Collaborative care for depression: a cumulative meta-analysis and review of longer-term outcomes. Arch Intern Med 2006;166 (21) 2314- 2321
PubMed

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